Your blood, or serum, contains several types of lipoproteins, according to the American Heart Association. These include high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, Lp(a) and triglycerides, all of which affect your heart in different ways. A blood test can determine your HDL cholesterol levels and give clues as to your cardiovascular health.
Significance
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is known as "good" cholesterol and represents one-third to one-fourth of blood cholesterol, according to the American Heart Association. While the other form, low-density lipoprotein, can contribute to heart disease, HDL cholesterol can help to remove harmful cholesterol buildup in the body, according to Medline Plus. Having enough HDL cholesterol in your blood indicates that your body may be better protected against heart disease, making it an important measurement.
Test
A blood sample is required to measure serum HDL cholesterol, according to Lab Tests Online. You should fast between nine and 12 hours before the test. The blood is then tested for a certain protein that indicates the presence of HDL cholesterol. Your physician may recommend follow-up testing if your HDL levels or other cholesterol levels indicate cause for concern.
Levels
The higher the HDL level, the better, according to Medline Plus. For men, levels less than 40 mg/dL are considered to be low while levels higher than 60 mg/dL are considered to be desirable. Because women tend to have a higher HDL cholesterol level than men, HDL levels less than 50 mg/dL may be considered an at-risk level, according to MayoClinic.com. More than 60 mg/dL are considered desirable in women. Because laboratory results can vary, speak with your physician about your individual results.
Treatment
You can increase HDL cholesterol levels by practicing a healthy lifestyle, according to MayoClinic.com. Refraining from smoking can increase your HDL levels by as much as 10 percent. If you are overweight, losing weight through a healthy diet and exercise can also help you. Your physician may prescribe medications such as niacin, fibrates and statins to reduce harmful LDL cholesterol levels and raise your HDL levels.
Warning
Failure to treat low HDL levels can lead to cholesterol deposits building up in the heart's arteries, according to the American Heart Association. When this occurs, the arteries become narrower and less flexible, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Taking steps to increase your HDL serum levels can reduce your heart attack risk.
