Many individuals suffer from some form of gum disease that can affect teeth and over-all oral health, according to the National Institutes of Health. There is no specialized diet for individuals with gum disease. However, certain nutrients in foods may be beneficial for supporting oral health and preventing disease. Consult with a registered dietitian for the healthiest food options based on your condition.
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also commonly known as periodontal disease, is formed by the excess buildup of plaque and tartar, according to the National Institutes of Health. The most common form of gum disease is gingivitis, and it is associated with swollen and bleeding gums. Gum disease that is not treated by daily oral maintenance can progress to a more severe type of gum disease known as periodontitis. Periodontitis is associated with swollen gums, painful chewing and sensitive teeth, according to the NIH. Ultimately, if periodontitis is left untreated, gum tissues may become destroyed and result in teeth being removed by surgery.
Diet Significance
Proper nutrition is beneficial for oral health and also necessary for preventing periodontal disease, according to the The American Dental Hygienists' Association. Food choices and eating habits can directly affect oral health because certain nutrients are responsible for the health and maintenance of teeth and gums. In addition to promoting oral health, proper nutrition can also enhance the the body's natural defense mechanisms. The ADHA reports that nutritional status is directly linked to the body's immune response and its ability to prevent bacterial plaque and fight off infections that can lead to gum disease.
Nutrition
A variety of healthy food options provide essential nutrients that help to build strong teeth and gums. The California Dental Hygientists' Association reports that vitamins and minerals in dairy such as calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D are necessary for healthy teeth. Low-fat dairy options such as milk, yogurt, and cheese are examples. The CHDA recommends three servings of dairy products daily to promote oral health. Whole grains such as breads, cereals, rice, and pasta provide essential B-vitamins and are sources of dietary fiber. Whole grain foods contribute to healthy gum tissue, according to the CDHA. Vitamins in fruits and vegetables can also promote oral health and reduce the risk for gum disease.
A study in the "Journal of Periodontology" evaluated the role of vitamin C on oral health. The study concluded that individuals with the lowest intake of vitamin C were more at risk for periodontal disease than those with higher intakes. Vitamin C can be found in citrus fruits and berries. Other examples are melons, carrots, and green leafy vegetables. The CDHA recommends five servings of fruits and vegetables daily for healthy teeth and gums. Legumes and lean meats such as poultry and fish provide high amounts of protein and essential nutrients. These food sources supply iron, magnesium and zinc for oral health, according to the CDHA.
Prevention/Solution
Plaque that isn't removed from teeth can form hard deposits that cause gum irritation and bacteria formation. Daily oral maintenance such as brushing, flossing and rinsing can reduce your risk for gum disease, according to the CDHA. A health care provider can recommend the best toothpaste and other oral care products. The CDHA also recommends to have regular oral checkups with a registered dental hygienist. The National Institutes of Health reports that smoking tobacco greatly increases your risk for gum disease. Therefore, quitting smoking can be beneficial for oral health and preventing periodontal disease.
Considerations
Certain foods that contain sugars and starches produce acids in plaque that can promote tooth decay and poor gum health if not removed, according to the CDHA. These food continue their actions for 20 to 40 minutes after a meal is finished. Therefore, the CDHA recommends to brush and rinse teeth in between snacks and meals containing starches and sugars. Examples of these foods include grains, dried fruit, milk, chips, and candy.
References
- National Institutes of Health: "Mind Your Mouth"
- "Journal of Periodontology": Dietary Vitamin C and the Risk for Periodontal Disease; Mieko Nishida; August 2000.
- The American Dental Hygienists' Association: Nutrition and Periodontal Disease
- The California Dental Hygientists' Association: "Want Some Life Saving Advice?"
