Selenium is a trace element, meaning it is required by the body, but only in small amounts, as high levels can be toxic. Foods like crabs, fish, poultry and wheat are rich in selenium. Selenium is essential for the production of selenoproteins, which are important in several processes in the body. Selenium has shown promise in treating a variety of medical conditions, but there are also risks associated with its consumption.
Selenoproteins
Over 25 selenoproteins have been identified; many of these function as antioxidants or support other antioxidants such as vitamin C, according to the Linus Pauling Institute. Antioxidants help clear the body of free radicals, which are damaging byproducts of chemical reactions in the body that have been implicated in a variety of diseases such heart disease and cancer. Three selenoproteins support hormone function by activating and deactivating thyroid hormones, which play an important role in regulating metabolism, growth and development. Selenoprotein V may play a role in sperm development, and selenoprotein S may help support the immune system.
Reduced Cancer Risk
Evidence suggests that selenium plays a role in reducing the risk of certain cancers. According to the Office of Dietary Supplements, selenium may help reduce the risk of cancer due to its antioxidant properties. It may also prevent tumor growth by increasing immune system activity and preventing blood vessel growth to the tumor. In particular, sufficient selenium intake may help reduce the risk of prostate, lung and colorectal cancers.
Selenosis
A high level of selenium in the blood is known as selenosis. Although rare, selenosis can cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, increased saliva production, skin lesions and fatigue. Selenosis may also affect the nervous system, causing mild nerve damage, convulsion, paralysis and alterations in pain perception, according to the Food Standards Agency.
Drug Interactions
Selenium may interact with certain medications. According to MedlinePlus, selenium supplements should not be taken with anticoagulant medications or medications that slow the blood-clotting process. MedlinePlus also advises caution when taking selenium in combination with cholesterol-lowering statins, niacin, blood-thinning medications and barbiturate sedatives.
Member Comments