Vitamin B12 is an essential water-soluble vitamin and is necessary for the formation and maturation of red blood cells, the synthesis of DNA and for normal nerve function. According to MedlinePlus, normal values for vitamin B12 are 200 to 900 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). Increased vitamin B12 levels are typically uncommon as excess vitamin B12 is removed in the urine.
Polycythemia Vera
Polycythemia vera is a rare blood disorder in which an abnormal increase in the number of blood cells produced by the bone marrow is seen. It may result in the production of too many of the other types of blood cells such as white blood cells and platelets. The cause is unknown. Abnormal or elevated levels of vitamin B12 are seen with polycythemia vera. Often, polycythemia vera is found during a blood test performed for another reason.
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a result of chronic liver disease caused by irreversible scarring of the liver. Once cirrhosis develops, it is impossible for the liver to heal or return to its normal function. In cases of advanced cirrhosis, more and more scar tissue forms in the liver, making it impossible for the liver to function. Elevated vitamin B12 levels can be seen in cases of severe liver dysfunction. A complete blood count, bilirubin test and specific tests are used to determine the cause of cirrhosis.
Leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is an uncommon type of cancer of the blood cells referred to as myelogenous. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells which crowd out the healthy blood cells, making it difficult for the blood to do its work. Progression of CML is slow. Tests that examine the blood and bone marrow diagnose leukemia. Increased levels of vitamin B12 are seen in leukemia since it is a blood cell disorder.
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral hydrate is a sedative used before surgery or with certain procedures to relieve anxiety or tension or to produce sleep. It has also been know to increase vitamin B12 levels. According to RxMed.com, administration of chloral hydrate can result in erroneously high values of vitamin B12 in some radioassay procedures.
