Unintentional weight loss refers to weight loss that occurs without effort or for no discernible reason. The potential causes for unintended weight loss are virtually endless and include conditions ranging from appetite loss to cancer. Unintentional weight loss may be positive or negative depending on current weight and health status. Understanding the nature of unintentional weight loss allows you to identify the symptom sooner and prevent complications.
Causes
While not always a sign of illness, unexplained weight loss can be a symptom of a number of health conditions. According to MedlinePlus, unintentional weight loss may result from chronic diarrhea, drug abuse, mouth sores, eating disorders, cancer or AIDS. Less serious factors such as loss of appetite or use of certain medications are more often to blame. Other potential reasons for weight loss include smoking, manipulative behavior in children and depression.
Signs and Symptoms
Additional symptoms that sometimes accompany weight loss may be helpful in determining its origin. Appetite loss is among the most common symptoms associated with weight loss and may be triggered by smoking, drug abuse and certain medications.
Sensitivity to cold or heat, fatigue, depression and constipation may signal thyroid conditions like hypothyroidism, while abdominal pain can indicate digestive conditions such as ulcer or Crohn's disease.
Health Effects
While weight loss may be desirable in overweight and obese individuals, it can be harmful when it occurs in those who are already underweight. Science Daily states that women with a low body mass index are 73 percent more likely to miscarry during the first three months of pregnancy. Being underweight is also associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis, weakened immune function, malnutrition and infertility.
In some cases, the underlying cause of weight loss can lead to serious health consequences if left untreated. Physical illnesses associated with weight loss like cancer and AIDS can be fatal, as can psychological disorders such as anorexia and depression.
Prevention/Solution
The first step in treating unintended weight loss is to determine its cause. A physical examination including blood work and other diagnostic tests can help pinpoint the underlying reason for weight loss.
When caused by lifestyle factors like smoking or drug abuse, weight loss may be controlled by stopping or reducing these behaviors. Eating a balanced diet that includes lean meats, whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products helps ensure proper nutrition while preventing further weight loss.
Warning
If you experience weight loss accompanied by symptoms such as fainting, severe abdominal pain, rapid heartbeat or diarrhea, seek medical attention promptly. These may be signs of a serious condition.
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