Diabetes is a disease that interferes with the way the body handles glucose, which is the main source of energy for the body. In diabetes, there is a problem with insulin, the hormone that is responsible for getting glucose into the cells, according to the Cleveland Clinic. In Type 1 diabetes, insulin isn't produced by the pancreas. In Type 2 diabetes, the insulin produced does not work well. It is important for diabetics to maintain low blood glucose levels to prevent serious health complications.
Take Medication as Directed
It is very important for all diabetics to take their medication as prescribed and when directed. Type 1 diabetics use insulin medication to control their diabetes, according to MayoClinic.com. Insulin must be injected because the digestive enzymes will destroy it if it is taken orally. Insulin can be taken via a needle and syringe, an insulin injection pen or an insulin pump. There are many types of insulin, and the correct type of insulin will be prescribed by the managing physician. Type 2 diabetics rely on oral medications of several types to control their blood sugar. Oral medications can stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin, block stomach enzymes from breaking down carbohydrates or prevent the liver from releasing glucose.
Eat the Proper Foods
A proper diet is crucial to keeping blood sugar levels low in a diabetic. Diabetics need to plan their meals and keep their caloric intake between 1,200 to 2,400 calories per day, depending on size and sex, according to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. The proportion of carbohydrates, or starches to proteins and fats must be carefully monitored. Diabetics should eat high-fiber foods, such as fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains as their carbohydrate choices, instead of simple carbohydrates such as cookies, white bread, snack cakes and processed foods. Diabetics should choose low-fat dairy and avoid foods containing unhealthy saturated or trans fats. Diabetics should aim to eat at the same time every day to keep blood sugar levels constant.
Exercise
Regular exercise is another important component in any plan to keep blood sugar levels low. It is important to get regular aerobic exercise every day because it helps keep blood sugar levels low by helping to transport glucose into the cells. Exercise also helps lower blood pressure and maintain a healthy body weight. MedlinePlus states that diabetics who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer a stroke or heart attack. Diabetics should choose physical activities that are appropriate for their age and fitness level. Diabetics should perform a physical activity, such as walking or biking, for 30 minutes each day. Diabetics should consult with their physician before starting an exercise program and build it up slowly according to their tolerance.
Monitor Blood Glucose Levels
Diabetics should monitor their blood glucose levels once daily, or more if the physician recommends it. Careful monitoring is the best way for diabetics to make sure that their blood sugar levels are on target, according to MayoClinic.com. It is imperative for diabetics to learn how their blood sugar level fluctuates with medication, different foods, levels of activity, illness and stress.
