How to Treat an Acid Burn

Overview

Acid burns can occur at home or work and primarily affect the hands, arms, and face. The Merck Manual estimates that more than 2 million Americans require medical care for burns every year, with as many as 4,000 people dying of severe burns. In most cases, treatment of chemical burns is the same as that for burns caused by heat. The degree of the burn determines whether treatment can be given at home or if medical attention is required.

Step 1

Remove any clothing or jewelry that may have come into contact with the acid. Immediately brush any chemical powders off the skin. Do not remove clothing that is stuck to the skin. Cut around it, if possible.

Step 2

Rinse the affected area for at least 30 minutes. The Merck Manual states that chemical burns may continue to cause damage for long periods after initial exposure. The water should be cool to lukewarm. Avoid rinsing the burn with cold or hot water.

Step 3

Avoid applying any oils, butter, or creams on burned area. The American Academy of Family Physician warns that this may result in a chemical reaction that can increase injury and tissue damage. Do not put ice on the burn.

Step 4

Assess the depth and severity of the burn. If the acid penetrated through the top layer of skin, or if the burn is larger than 3 inches in diameter, emergency medical attention is required. Medical help is also necessary for chemical burns affecting the hands, feet, eyes, face and groin. Burns covering a large joint may also need medical attention.

Step 5

Apply a cool towel or compress to minor burns and take ibuprofen or acetaminophen to help control pain. If pain increases, rinse the affected area again for 15 more minutes.

Step 6

Cover the burn with a dry, sterile bandage or cloth to prevent infection. Avoid wrapping the burn too tightly, and use care when removing the bandage to prevent loss of skin. Apply antibacterial or other ointments on minor burns as directed by your doctor.

Step 7

Watch for signs of shock, such as a pale complexion, fainting or shallow breathing. Call 911 if the burn victim displays any of these symptoms, loses consciousness or has burns covering large areas of his body. Hospitalization is necessary for severe burns.