Ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate are both commonly used in fertilizer and in laboratory experiments, according to their Material Safety Data Sheets, or MSDS. Both substances are soluble in water, but might cause irritation or burns to eyes or skin if it touches them. When using either ammonium chloride or sodium nitrate, follow the safety instructions on the product's label and use appropriate safety equipment.
Identification
Ammonium chloride is also known as sal ammoniac or ammonium muriate, according to its MSDS. Its chemical formula is NH4Cl. Sodium nitrate has a number of alternative names, including nitratine, nitric acid, sodium saltpeter and sodium nitrate, according to its MSDS. The chemical formula for sodium nitrate is NaNO3. Both substances can be in a solid form or can be dissolved in water.
Uses
Ammonium chloride is often sold as a fertilizer and as a cleaner for soldering irons and equipment, according to the MSDS. Ammonium chloride solution can also be used to treat patients who have been poisoned by hydrochloric acid, according to Drugs.com. Sodium nitrate is most often used as a fertilizer and is also a component in fireworks because it is highly reactive and explodes easily in air.
Reaction
Both ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate are ionic compounds, according to Chemistry Tutorial. Most ionic compounds undergo a double-displacement reaction when combined, which means that the compounds trade their second halves. For instance, if ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate had a double-displacement reaction, they would form ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride. However, a double-displacement reaction will not take place if both of the resulting chemicals are soluble in water. Because sodium chloride, or table salt, dissolves in water, and because all nitrates including ammonium nitrate dissolve in water, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate will not react to create these compounds.
Warning
Sodium nitrate is highly corrosive and might explode when it comes into contact with air, according to its MSDS. Before working with sodium nitrate, ensure that you are trained in the proper procedures for an emergency and have appropriate emergency equipment, including a fire extinguisher, handy. Ammonium chloride is not explosive, but will cause skin or eye irritation if touched. When working with either chemical, always wear gloves, eye protection, and a lab coat or apron.
Storage and Handling
Both ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate can be stored in their solid form, a white crystalline powder. They should both be stored in a cool, dry place away from sources of fire and away from things that catch fire easily, such as paper, oil, and wood, according to their Materials Safety Data Sheets. If a spill occurs, use a vacuum or wet sweeper to clean up the spill so that dust does not touch your skin or enter your eyes or lungs, where it might cause irritation or burning.
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