Phosphorus In The Renal Diet

Phosphorus is an important mineral for bone, blood vessel, and heart health. However, if it builds up in the blood, as it does in renal disease, it can damage these same areas. Phosphorus is in many fresh foods, as well as processed foods. Avoidance of high phosphorus foods is usually required for individuals dealing with kidney disease.

Role of Phosphorus

Phosphorus is second to calcium in quantity in the body -- most is found in bones and teeth. Cells use phosphorus to make energy and it is present in all cell membranes in the body. Phosphorus is the base of DNA and RNA, the genetic make up of all living organisms, and is also important for calcium regulation. Dietary sources are important, but too much can be dangerous for renal patients.

Role of Kidneys

The primary route for phosphorus excretion is through the kidneys, although some may be lost in the feces as well. Normally when excess phosphorus is consumed, the kidneys filter it from the blood and it is removed from the body in the urine. However, if the kidneys are no longer functioning properly, phosphorus remains in the blood. Symptoms of excess include weak bones that break easily, bone and joint pain and itchy skin.

Foods High in Phosphorus

Foods containing phosphorus should be limited in the diet when kidneys are no longer functioning properly. In general, foods high in protein are also high in phosphorus. These include meat, poultry, fish and eggs. Milk and milk products are also high in phosphorus. Nuts, legumes, bran cereals and oatmeal should be limited. Prepackaged and processed foods are often high in phosphorus. Avoid products with ingredients containing "phos" such as phosphate. Colas and some bottled teas are also high in phosphorus.

Foods Low in Phosphorus

Fresh fruits and vegetables are low in phosphorus and can be consumed as long as potassium has not been limited as well. Rice and corn, including cereals, are generally lower in phosphorus. Clear sodas and homemade teas are safe choices. Breads and pastas are also low in phosphorus. Individuals on a renal diet may find cooking at home works better than eating prepackaged convenience foods.

Considerations

Diets are individualized for renal patients as the stage of kidney function varies. Follow the diet recommendations of the dietitian and other health care providers. Phosphorus binders may also be prescribed to help prevent absorption from food and should be taken as directed.