Ephedra is an herbal stimulant that was popular as a weight loss aid and energy supplement before being banned by the FDA in 2004. Despite its modest effects on weight loss, ephedra was found to carry a significant risk of side effects like cardiovascular and neurological problems. Learning about the effects and risks of the ephedra diet allows consumers to make informed decisions regarding health and weight loss.
Features
Ephedra sinica --- also known as "ma huang" -- belongs to a class of drugs known as sympathomimetic amines. It contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, both of which have stimulant properties. Ephedra is sometimes used as an appetite suppressant and energy supplement due to its effects on metabolism and heart rate.
In supplement form, ephedra was sometimes combined with caffeine and other stimulants in the form of pills, powders and liquid drinks. Diets that incorporated ephedra often combined the herb with a reduced-calorie diet and exercise to aid in weight loss.
Effects
Like many other stimulants, ephedra suppresses the appetite by stimulating norepinephrine in the brain. According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, short-term use of ephedra resulted in statistically significant weight loss of 2 lbs. more per month than placebo. Combined with caffeine, ephedra has been shown to mildly enhance athletic performance as well.
Ephedra works by speeding bodily processes like heartbeat and breathing, resulting in an overall increase in metabolism. Other effects include constriction of blood vessels and increased blood pressure and body temperature.
Side Effects and Risks
Ephedra carries a high risk for side effects. Drugs.com lists mood changes, upset stomach and rapid heartbeat as possible side effects of the supplement. Symptoms like chest pain, severe headache, slurred speech and arm or leg numbness have also occurred and may signal a heart attack or stroke.
Like other stimulants, ephedra often causes insomnia, anxiety and other forms of overstimulation. Seizures, hallucinations and various neurological side effects have also occurred in people taking the supplement.
History
Ephedra was widely used as a weight loss aid and energy supplement in the U.S. After reports of fatal side effects like heart attack and stroke, the FDA banned the sale of products containing the herb in 2004.
However, the ban does not affect Chinese herbal remedies, herbal teas or drugs containing synthetic ephedrine, such as asthma medications, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. For this reason, ephedra still poses a danger to users seeking a fast remedy for weight loss.
Considerations
Ephedra has not been proven safe or effective for long-term weight loss and may be dangerous. Combining ephedra with other stimulants like caffeine increases the risk for serious side effects like heart attack and stroke. To date, the only proven method for safe sustained weight management is a healthy diet and regular exercise.
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