Tendons are a strong, durable tissue that connect the muscle tissue to the skeletal system in organisms. Similar to other connective tissue, tendons are made of collagen. They are able to withstand tension, which is necessary for skeletal movement. When the brain sends a signal to the muscle, the muscle contracts, and tendons are able to endure the tension and pull skeletal muscle, resulting in movements like walking, waving a hand or talking.
Structure
Tendons are closely packed fibers of collagen. Collagen is a strong tissue that makes up most of the tendons' structure. However, tendons are also comprised of elastin. Elastin is a flexible tissue that allows parts of the body to stretch. This part of the tendons' structure enables the bones to flexible pull and extend without breaking or straining the tendon tissue. Tendon length and thickness is dependent on the location and the size of the muscle on which it is bound.
Function
The main function of tendons is to connect the muscle tissue directly to the skeleton. The elasticity in the elastin also gives the body a form of energy when the tendons are stretched. When the elastin relaxes, because of its elasticity, it provides force when returning to its original state. Tendons can also help with support and balance in areas of the body, such as the feet and ankles.
Disease
One common condition that affects the tendons is tendonitis. Tendonitis occurs when the tissue becomes inflamed, causing discomfort and pain. Tendonitis is often seen in the wrists or fingers, and it is associated with diseases, such as diabetes. Tenosynovitis is a condition that affects the lining of the tendons. It is most commonly seen in athletes from injuries to the collagen tissue. Injury to tendons cause the lining and the tendon itself to become inflamed, causing pain.
Treatment
Injury to tendons is very painful. Emergency treatment is necessary to fix broken and inflamed tendons. Anti-inflammation drugs are given for swelling, but repair of a tendon requires surgery. Local anesthesia is given to the patient. A small incision is made in the area of the tendons, and the broken tissue is sewn together. After surgery, most tendons repair and the patient fully recovers.
Prevention
Prevention of injury or inflammation of the tendons is through exercise and stretching the tissue prior to exercise or sports. Stretch the area in which activity will be conducted. For instance, weight trainers who exercise the arms should stretch prior to exercise. Resistance training helps strengthen the fibers in the tendons, and it prevents injury. People who feel pain in joints should stop the activity to prevent tears in the tendons.
