A herniated disc, or herniated nucleus pulposus, occurs when the shock absorbing disc between each of the spine bone ruptures or bulges. According to Spine Universe, people between the ages of 30 and 50 are at an increased risk of a herniated disc. When a patient has signs of a herniated disc, X-rays, MRIs and CT scans are usually ordered to confirm the diagnosis. Rest, medication, exercise, physical therapy and surgery are possible treatments for this condition.
Absence of Symptoms
Some people who have a herniated disc are not aware of it until an X-ray for an unrelated condition shows the disc. According to Cedars-Sinai, a herniated disc alone isn't likely to cause any symptoms. However, if pressure is applied to the herniated disc, symptoms may appear.
Pain
Arm, leg, lower back and shoulder pain are all possible, depending on the location of the herniated disc. This pain is caused by the pressure put on the disc and nerves during normal movements. A herniated disc in the lower back may cause sciatica. This condition may cause pain in the buttocks that radiates toward the heel. Muscle pain may also be present.
Numbness
Numbness in the arm, legs, chest or shoulders is possible. In some cases, the numbness may feel like pins and needles. Pronounced weakness in these areas is also possible, as are muscle spasms. These symptoms may come and go or they may be constant.
Emergency Symptoms
A person who has sudden weakness in both legs that is accompanied by bowel or bladder control may be suffering from a condition called cauda equina syndrome. This is a severe type of nerve compression that warrants a trip to the emergency room, as this condition can be life-threatening.
