A bunion is when the two big bones in the big toe shift at an angle. The big toe moves toward the second toe. This often occurs from tight, narrow, pointed shoes. Compression causes irritation on a little pad on the inside of the toe called a bursa. The bursa works like a little sponge that squishes out a lubricant oil. Pressure on the bursa causes inflammation. Development of bunions is most often caused by an inherited faulty mechanical structure of the foot. Certain foot types make a person prone to developing a bunion, according to the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.
Orthotics
Orthotic devices are plastic or rubber materials used to treat various conditions of the foot and ankle. These shoe inserts can be purchased off the shelf usually at pharmacies or custom made by physical therapists or podiatrists who are specially trained foot doctors. They are often very effective in relieving common foot complaints such as bunions. Orthotics can be used for bunion comfort or prevention by
aligning and supporting the foot and correcting or accommodating foot deformities.
Positioning for Realignment
Soft foam wedges can be placed between the big toe and the second toe to help realign the toe and reduce bunion deformity and pain. Often the thickness is gently increased to move the big toe so it is straight rather than pointing towards the second toe. There are a variety of products available or consult a foot specialist if the bunion is already severely deformed and requires medical assessment.
Shoe Selection
Shoes to help improve bunion comfort or to further prevent a bunion from worsening should have
a wide toe box. They should be soft, have seamless uppers or be a stretchy type of shoe. There are also bunion shield-type pads available to prevent irritation of the bunion when walking by reducing direct pressure on the bunion. Metatarsal pads are also available to place in the shoe to raise the arch of the toes and improve overall alignment.
Considerations for High Heels
Try to only wear shoes that have heels less than 2 inches. High heels place extra pressure on the bunion area and increase pain and inflammation. If you have to wear high heels, try to use other shoes for commuting and then wear the dress shoes for a short period. If you have to wear high heels, the use of an arch support may assist in reducing pressure and pain.
Prevention/Solution
A bunion happens over time. Special custom shoe inserts can be made by a health care professional to reduce pain and inflammation. Avoid wearing the same shoes. If you are a runner, buy new shoes every six months. Over time, pressure on the toe causes abnormal bone growth called a bone spur. This causes the toe to deform. Consult a health care professional for treatment early to avoid surgery.
