When a person has diabetes, the kinds of foods he eats play a big role in his health. In addition to a healthy diet, other lifestyle changes can help prevent diabetes-related complications such as heart disease and stroke. These include exercising regularly, taking medications as directed, and monitoring blood sugar levels before and after meals.
Counting Carbohydrates
Starches are one of the most important menu items for diabetics, and should be included at every meal. The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, or NDIC, recommends that starches make up most of the diabetic diet. However, they should be distributed throughout the day. This will avoid having meals that are too concentrated in starches, or meals without enough. Being mindful of starch intake can keep blood sugar levels from dropping too low or rising too high. In addition, choosing carbs with higher amounts of fiber, such as an apple or whole-grain cereal, can help satisfy hunger and keep blood sugar levels steady.
Eating More Frequently
Smaller, more frequent meals are best for some diabetics. The NDIC recommends a combination of main meals with healthy snacks between. The exact number of meals and snacks, as well as their sizes, should be determined by a nutritionist. The ideal amount of daily calories and their distribution depends on the weight and nutritional needs of the individual. Eating more frequently can also help keep blood sugar levels from increasing or decreasing to dangerous levels.
Insulin Use
Insulin production or management is an issue for most diabetics. Insulin is required for cells to get the glucose they need to fuel their function. While some people, such as those with type 2 diabetes, may be able to manage their condition through dietary changes, others may require the use of insulin to maintain blood sugar levels. Insulin may be timed before or after a meal on a schedule if meal times are very regular. Blood sugar levels should be monitored while taking insulin to ensure doses are appropriate.
Regular Exercise
Diet and insulin can help control blood glucose levels, but exercise is equally important for diabetes control. Exercise can help a person maintain a healthy weight and keep her heart healthy, two common problems associated with diabetes. Medline Plus reports that diabetics who exercise regularly have a significantly smaller risk of stroke and heart attack than those who don't. Extra fluids should be taken during exercise, however, to avoid complications.
Warning
People with diabetes who do not make lifestyle changes are at risk for developing potentially life-threatening complications. In the short term, they can develop conditions directly related to blood glucose levels, including ketoacidosis or even a coma. In the long term, they are more prone to high blood pressure, heart attacks and stroke.
