Iron is an essential mineral that primarily works to carry protein through red blood cells that in turn supplies cells with oxygen. According to the Office of Dietary Supplements, iron also is necessary to deliver oxygen to muscle tissues and rests in proteins needed for future oxygen use. A lack of sufficient iron in the blood can lead to a number of medical conditions and too much iron can result in significant side effects.
Features
Iron deficiency can cause a number of problems. Decreased immunity, fatigue and poor work performance are common side effects of lowered iron levels. According to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common forms of the condition, featuring reduced oxygen in the blood and a reduced ability to transport waste out of the bloodstream. Additional side effects include shortness of breath, chest pain and even death.
Potential
According to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, iron deficiencies usually are easily treated with supplements. While diet often can relieve symptoms of mild iron deficiency, iron pills, injections or blood transfusions may be required for more severe deficiencies. Supplements in a pill or liquid form can correct iron imbalances within a couple months.
Warnings
Large amounts of iron can be toxic, which is why you should take iron supplements only under a doctor's guidance and keep supplements out of reach of children. The most common side effects of iron toxicity are black stools, heartburn and constipation. Other side effects can include a rash or hives that cause itching, red, flushed skin and skin irritations, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Effects
Left untreated, iron toxicity side effects can lead to pale, clammy skin, convulsions and bluish colored nails or lips. According to the Mayo Clinic, the skin may become brown and itchy at the site of iron injections. Additionally, intravenous iron delivery, usually provided in a hospital to treat severe iron deficiency, can cause hives, swollen lymph nodes, painful joints and allergic reactions.
Considerations
Iron injections usually are given to patients who have digestive disorders and can't process oral iron supplements. According to the National Anemia Foundation, injections are delivered directly into the bloodstream and do not have to be processed in the stomach. To avoid intense skin reactions, a small amount of iron usually is first injected into the skin where doctors watch for breakouts before continuing with the full dosage.
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