Dandruff is a common skin condition, according to the Mayo Clinic, and is also known as seborrheic dermatitis. The most common symptoms are itching and flaky, white or yellowish scales on the scalp. More serious symptoms may include skin lesions, greasy or oily areas of skin as well as redness and swelling. There is no known cause for dandruff, however, Medline Plus and the Mayo Clinic both cite a yeast called melassizia as a contributing factor. There is no cure for dandruff, per the Mayo Clinic, but several treatments will reduce the symptoms indefinitely.
Step 1
Use over-the-counter treatments. Dandruff shampoos and hair treatments contain ingredients that control both the itching and flaking. Use product with antifungal agents, such as ketoconazole and ciclopirox. Additionally, try products with tar or selenium sulfide or products with pyrithione zinc or salicylic acid.
Step 2
Wash and treat your hair daily. Leave shampoos and conditioners in your hair for several minutes. Cut back to up to three times per week as your symptoms improve.
Step 3
Alternate treatment products. According to the Mayo Clinic, some shampoo treatments may become less effective over time. Incorporate another product with a different active ingredient into your routine and alternate between the two products.
Step 4
Try over-the-counter anti-fungal treatments. Medline Plus recommends products formulated for athlete's foot, or ring worm, which relieve flaking and itching. .
Step 5
Use an over-the-counter anti-itch cream. The Mayo Clinic also recommends an antihistamine cream, such a diphenhydramine, or an topical steroid, such as hydrocortisone.
Step 6
Consult your physician if over-the-counter remedies don't work or you experience severe symptoms and hair loss. Your physician may prescribe a topical remedy, such as a steroid or anti-fungal remedy, or oral anti-fungal medication.
