Dandruff, a chronic scalp condition, is typically the culprit behind dry flaky scalp problems. Dandruff is not dangerous or contagious, according to KidsHealth by Nemours, but it can lead to embarrassing situations when the flakes of dead skin are visible on your clothes or scalp. Although dandruff is typically harmless, talk to your doctor if it becomes too bothersome or is accompanied by other symptoms, such as a rash, bleeding or extreme itchiness.
Causes of Flaky Scalp Problems
Flaky scalp problems related to dandruff can stem from several sources, from overly dry skin in the cold weather or overheated rooms to long-term skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Seborrheic dermatitis, characterized by greasy skin covered with white or yellow flakes, is a frequent cause according to MayoClinic.com. In some cases, the cause can be as simple as sensitivity to a particular hair product, not washing your hair often enough or washing your hair too often. Scalp psoriasis, another condition that causes a flaky scalp, is similar to seborrheic dermatitis, except the flakes are more of a silver-white color and the scales may cause bleeding when detached from the scalp.
Concerns
Flaky scalp problems themselves typically do not lead to serious medical complications; however, they can have a serious psychological impact. Chronic, stubborn dandruff can lead to low self-esteem, psychological distress and embarrassment, according to MedlinePlus. Secondary infections from fungus and bacteria are also a concern, especially if you are scratching your scalp raw. Seborrheic dermatitis may also cause hair loss.
Risk Factors
MayoClinic.com explains that men are at a higher risk for flaky scalp problems than women are, possible due to larger oil-producing glands on the scalp and hormonal differences. Some medical conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, recovery from a recent stroke or heart attack and autoimmune diseases can increase the risk of developing dandruff, although researchers are not sure why. Oily skin and poor diet can also contribute to flaky scalp problems.
Treatment
Mild flaky scalp conditions can be treated at home with over-the-counter shampoos containing salicylic acid, ketoconazole, selenium or other anti-dandruff ingredients, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Stubborn cases may require prescription shampoos with added corticosteroids or stronger concentrations of over-the-counter ingredients. UMMC recommends scrubbing vigorously at least once a day and rinsing shampoo thoroughly.
Dealing with Cradle Cap
Infantile seborrheic dermatitis, commonly called cradle cap, presents with the same scaly flakes and greasy-feeling scalp as adult dandruff; however, treatment options are more limited because of a baby's sensitive skin. The New Zealand Dermatological Society explains that cradle cap typically goes away by the first birthday, but in the meantime, regular washing with mild baby shampoo and gentle brushing may help control the condition.
