Thyroid Function and Bipolar Disorders
Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been associated with bipolar disorders. The relationship is complex. Michael Escamilla, M.D., of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Texas Health Science Center, stresses that the relationship is a two-way street in which thyroid disorders can disrupt mood, and mood disorders can impair thyroid function.
Understanding Bipolar Disorders
Bipolar disorders are often referred to as manic depression. The condition is characterized by unusual mood swings and changes in energy level. The mood swings in bipolar I disorders are so extreme that they often resemble schizophrenia. The mood swings in bipolar II disorder are less extreme, and may often be treated with medication. The causes of bipolar disorders are unclear, but it has been speculated that it may be caused by excess neurotransmitters saturating the brain. Neurotransmitters are the chemicals in the brain responsible for intercellular communication. They play an important role in thinking, memory and emotion.
Understanding Thyroid Function
The thyroid is a small gland located in the front of the neck. It produces the hormones responsible for the regulation of metabolism. Since thyroid hormones act as neurotransmitters, they have a profound effect on mood and disposition. In fact, the thyroid hormone T3 influences the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with cheerful mood and well-being. As such, low levels of T3 can cause depression. This condition is known as hypothyroidism.
In contrast, if the thyroid produces an excess of T3, the patient may exhibit rapid heart rate, fatigue and manic-depressive behavior.
Treatments for Bipolar and Thyroid Problems
The combination of bipolar disorder and thyroid dysfunction poses a challenge to the medical community. In some cases, lithium, which is used to treat bipolar disorders, can cause thyroid dysfunction. Zoloft can be prescribed as treatment, but if the patient is also taking thyroid medications such as Synthroid or levrothyroxine, the dosage of thyroid medications will likely need to be increased. Close monitoring by a physician will ensure that treatment is tweaked to appropriately address the patient's special needs.
