Learn which foods trigger gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, to minimize uncomfortable symptoms. GERD is caused by acidic bile from the stomach flowing backwards up the esophagus, due to a weakened esophageal sphincter. Certain chemicals in foods cause weakening of the sphincter, and others contribute to irritation of the esophagus itself. This causes irritation, burning sensations and sometimes burping. Left untreated, GERD can lead to esophageal ulcers and precancerous changes. Avoid GERD by eliminating foods that trigger symptoms from your diet.
Caffeine
Foods and beverages that contain caffeine contribute to the loosening of the esophageal sphincter. This includes coffee, tea, chocolates and some meal-replacement bars.
Alcohol
Alcoholic beverages can weaken the esophageal sphincter. Avoid beer, wine and hard liquor. Alter recipes that call for cooking wine.
Nicotine
Most commonly found in cigarettes, nicotine can weaken the esophageal sphincter. If you are a habitual smoker, speak with your physician about the best way to quit.
Chocolate
Chocolate, the ultimate sweet treat, can contribute to a weakened esophageal sphincter. Avoid chocolate candies, cookies and other desserts, drinks and toppings.
Citrus Fruits
Citrus fruits and juices are high in acid and can irritate a damaged esophagus. High acid foods can contribute to the burning sensation in the chest. Avoid oranges, grapefruit, lemons, limes, pineapples and juices containing citrus.
Spicy Food
Intense spice and flavor can exacerbate GERD symptoms. Avoid heavy seasonings, sauces and marinades. Use only as much spice as tolerated.
Onions and Garlic
Garlic and onions have strong, intense flavors, and can cause the esophagus to become irritated. Avoid cooking with onion and garlic, and using garlic and onion flavorings and seasonings.
Tomatoes
Whole tomatoes, tomato sauce and tomato juice are acidic and cause great discomfort to those with GERD when eaten in large amounts. Avoid tomato-based soups and casseroles as well.
Mint
Fresh mint and mint-flavored foods can trigger GERD. Avoid mint tea, mint gum and other mint-flavored foods and drinks. Use other flavorful herbs, such as parsley and cilantro, when cooking.
Fatty and Fried Foods
Fat takes a long time to leave the stomach. When the esophageal sphincter is weakened, food particles may enter the esophagus. Fatty and fried foods can irritate a damaged esophagus. Choose grilled and baked foods cooked in low-fat marinades and broths.
