High cholesterol can cause a variety of health complications---some so severe they may result in death. High cholesterol is considered 240 mg or higher; however, people with levels above 200 mg are considered a high-risk and should be cautious. High cholesterol levels can be treated and prevented. Lower cholesterol by changing dietary habits, increasing daily exercise and quitting smoking.
Atherosclerosis
High amounts of cholesterol will accumulate and build up on the arterial walls. The excess material, a fatty substance, begins to harden and form plaque deposits. The deposits narrow the arterial space. The condition, also known as atherosclerosis, often affects the coronary arteries, but can occur anywhere on the body. The condition occurs very gradually and symptoms are not visible until an artery is severely clogged or blocked. The condition is preventable and treatable. Complications caused by atherosclerosis include peripheral artery disease, erectile dysfunction and aneurysms. The condition is commonly associated with heart attack and stroke.
Stroke
Plaque may tear or rupture an artery and a blood clot can occur. The blood clot can block oxygen to the brain. When the brain doesn't receive adequate amounts of oxygen a stroke can occur. Within a few minutes of not receiving adequate amounts of oxygen, brain tissue begins to die, according to The Mayo Clinic. Signs and symptoms of a stroke include paralysis on one side of the body, trouble walking, inability to talk or slurred words. One side of the face may droop or look disfigured. Strokes do not generally give warning signals; however, prior to having a stroke a transient ischemic attack, or TIA, may occur. Symptoms of a TIA are similar to a stroke, but then disappear after 20 minutes to 24 hours. Seeking immediate medical attention is vital to avoid further complications. Complications include memory loss, severe paralysis as well as difficulty talking.
Heart Attack
Blood clots may also block blood flow to the coronary artery---decreased blood flow and oxygenation can injure and destroy the heart muscle. A primary symptom of a heart attack is transient ischemia. Chest pain, or angina, is felt on and off again. A person may experience angina due to physical exertion and feel relief when resting. Angina may be felt weeks before a heart attack occurs. Heart attacks can occur at any age and at any time, even resting. Signs and symptoms vary from person to person but include pressure in the chest, pain extending to the shoulder, arm or jaw area, and shortness of breath.
