Vitamin D deficiency, also known as rickets, is a rare condition caused by inadequate amounts of vitamin D as well as limited sun exposure. Rickets can also be caused by renal disease, malabsorption disorders as well as some medications. Certain forms of rickets are hereditary. Rickets was nearly eradicated in the early part of the century because dietary supplements were added to the diet. However, there is some concern by the National Institutes of Health that rickets may be having a comeback. Low vitamin D levels and decreased time spent outdoors may be the reason rickets is seeing a slight increase. Rickets is diagnosed by taking blood samples and x-rays. Understanding the characteristics of rickets allows a diagnosis to be accurately made. Diagnosing rickets when a child is young can improve or completely dissolve common conditions by the time the child reaches adulthood.
Skeletal Deformity
Bowed legs and a curvature of the spinal cord may be visible. The skull may have an abnormally visible shape---often larger on one side. Bumps can be present in the rib cage, also known as rachitic rosary. The child may have a "pigeon chest," or the appearance that the breast bone is being pushed forward. Pelvic deformities are also common with rickets. Bones may be painful or tender. Pain is often found in the army, legs, pelvis and spine, according to The National Institutes of Health. Bone fractures are common as well.
Slow Growth
A child may show signs of slow growth and development. Low weight and the inability to gain weight are often seen. Limbs may seem abnormally shorter. An adult with rickets often stands less than five feet tall. General muscle weakness is present. A baby may have "floppy baby syndrome," Movement may be uncomfortable.
Dental Problems
Slowed growth and formation of the teeth is often seen in rickets. A child may have defects in the teeth, including holes or malformation. The teeth may have an inadequate amount of enamel present, so an inordinate amount of cavities may form. Overall, the mouth and muscles tone around the jaw can be abnormally weak.
