Acne is a skin condition that affects people of all ages. Blemishes form when pores are clogged, causing inflammation of the skin. Blemishes can be a painful and embarrassing problem. Fortunately, people struggling with acne have tools available, such as nonprescription or prescription medication and lifestyle changes to minimize the occurrence of blemishes.
Causes
A few factors appear to be responsible for acne formation, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Excess oil production, bacteria and clogged pores are usually to blame for breakouts. The type of inflammation determines what type of acne will form. For example, minor inflammation may result in a whitehead or blackhead. However, more serious inflammation may result in a pus-filled cyst, which can be painful.
Treatments
Acne treatment tools for mild to moderate acne typically include nonprescription medications. Choose topical creams that contain the active ingredient salicylic acid, benzyl peroxide or sulfur, recommends MayoClinic.com. Moderate acne may require use of prescription topical treatments, such as tretinoin. These drugs work to promote quicker skin cell turnover, minimizing pore blockage.
Moderate to severe acne that doesn't respond to other treatments may require oral medications. Antibiotics may be prescribed for up to four months to reduce bacteria and minimize skin inflammation. The most severe cases of acne may require use of the oral medication isotretinoin, which is very effective for treating blemishes.
Considerations
Medications used to treat acne have side effects. Topical treatment side effects may include skin irritation, redness and increased sun sensitivity. Antibiotics may cause upset stomach, skin discoloration and dizziness, according to MayoClinic.com. Isotretinoin has more serious side effects. Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant while taking this drug aren't permitted to take the medication. Risks of birth defects is high.
Misconceptions
Some people think that rupturing pus-filled blemishes promotes quicker healing. Rupturing these blemishes at home, however, puts you at higher risk for infection and scarring, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Inflamed blemishes can be drained by a dermatologist in a sterile environment to minimize infection risk.
Warnings
Excess washing of skin can make blemishes worse. Restrict skin washing to twice daily, recommends MayoClinic.com. Use a gentle cleanser to clean the skin. Discontinue use of hair products if you chronically develop blemishes around the hairline. This could be a sign of skin irritation. Avoid touching your face, which spreads oil and bacteria. Wearing tight hats may cause friction, resulting in breakouts.
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