The Academy of Family Physicians defines anorexia as an eating disorder characterized by an obsession to stay thin. Those with anorexia are fanatical about losing weight and extremely fearful of gaining it. Anorexics also believe they are fat, even when they are emaciated. Those with anorexia are usually at least 15 percent below their recommended body weights.
Types
The National Alliance on Mental Illness notes that there are two subtypes of anorexia nervosa: restricting subtype and binge eating/purging subtype. The restricting subtype is characterized by severely restricting food intake to maintain low body weight. The binge/eating purging subtype is characterized by restriction of food intake as well as purging through self-induced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives and enemas. Those with either subtype often engage in frequent, excessive exercise and the use of diet pills as well. Even though they are severely restricting caloric intake, those with anorexia believe that they are overweight and will benefit from the use of diet pills.
Risk Factors
Anorexia is more common in girls and women, although boys and men can develop the eating disorder as well, according to MayoClinic.com. The onset of the condition usually begins during the teenage years. Those who are under increased stress or in the middle of a transition period, such as moving or changing schools, are also more susceptible to developing anorexia. Genetics and previous trauma may also lead to anorexia.
Symptoms
In addition to emaciation, there are other warning signs and symptoms that are characteristic of anorexia. Some other physical symptoms include fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, fainting, blue and brittle fingernails, thinning hair, dry skin, constipation, absence of menstruation, dehydration, irregular heart beat and swelling of the arms and legs. Anorexics often develop lanugo, which is a thin coating of hair all over the body, as well. Behavioral symptoms of anorexia include refusing to eat, denial of hunger, lack of emotion, withdrawal from society, depression, decreased libido, preoccupation with food and irritability, according to MayoClinic.com.
Treatment
Treatment for anorexia depends on the severity of the condition. If the eating disorder has caused massive physical damage to the body, hospitalization may be required. During hospitalization, nutrients are administered either through intravenous fluids or monitored eating times. Vital signs are also monitored. Once physical health is stabilized, anorexics often go through therapy. Therapy attempts to change thought processes and behavior. An important part of treatment also consists of removing all trigger items, such as diet pills and laxatives, from the household.
Complications
If left untreated, anorexia can lead to anemia, electrolyte imbalances, kidney malfunction and gastrointestinal problems. Those with anorexia can also develop heart conditions, including arrhythmias, heart failure and mitral valve prolapse, according to MayoClinic.com. Anorexia can also lead to death.
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