Allergies are the result of an overreaction by your immune system; symptoms are caused when your body misidentifies a substance as dangerous, and releases antibodies normally reserved for attacking bacteria, viruses and toxins. The main types of allergies are food allergies, allergies to inhaled substances, skin allergies, reactions to bee venom and allergies to drugs. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening. A rare but potentially fatal allergic reaction called anaphylaxis can block airways. MayoClinic.com advises calling 911 if you have signs of anaphylaxis.
What are the Signs of a Food Allergy?
Food allergies are often confused with food intolerances. MedlinePlus points out a true food allergy involves the release of IgE antibodies such as histamines, cytokines and leukotrienes, and causes symptoms that usually arise within two hours after eating and include a tingling mouth, hoarseness, swelling of lips, eyelids, tongue, face or throat, wheezing and urticaria, commonly known as hives. Stomach cramps and diarrhea can also occur; rarely, anaphylaxis can result. According to the website, only 1 percent of the population has a true food allergy. Common allergens include peanuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, eggs and milk; fresh fruits and vegetables may also trigger reactions. Although children sometimes outgrow allergies to milk, eggs, wheat and soy, an allergy to nuts or shellfish tends to be lifelong. MedlinePlus advises consulting your doctor if you have had an allergic reaction, even a minor one, to any food.
What is Allergic Rhinitis?
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is also called hay fever, although hay is rarely involved. MayoClinic.com states that airborne pollens -- usually from ragweed, grass and trees -- are responsible. Symptoms include a runny nose, itchy, watery or swollen eyes and congestion. University of Maryland Medical Center states that perennial allergic rhinitis can persist year-round, and is often caused by dust mites, mold and animal proteins, which can include pet dander, oils from pets' skin, feathers and urine. Allergic rhinitis is very common; UMMC notes that one in five Americans suffer from it. Medications such as antihistamines, decongestants and nasal corticosteroids can help relieve symptoms. Your allergist may recommend that you receive immunotherapy, injections which help desensitize your body to allergens.
Is Atopic Dermatitis an Allergy?
Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, features intensely itchy skin that may be reddened, thickened or flaking. Small blisters, which may ooze and then crust over, can also appear. According to MayoClinic.com, atopic dermatitis can be triggered by exposure to latex, as well as harsh chemicals in cleaners or detergents. The Academy of American Dermatologists says that atopic dermatitis is linked to allergies -- with exposure to wool and other rough fabrics sometimes triggering outbreaks -- and that foods such as milk products, nuts and shellfish may worsen the condition. Your dermatologist may treat your atopic dermatitis with corticosteroid ointments and antihistamines.
What are the Signs of a Drug Allergy?
An allergic reaction to a drug or medication can involve hives, itchy skin, rash, facial swelling and wheezing. Anaphylaxis could also occur. If you experience allergic symptoms after taking a drug, stop taking it and call the prescribing doctor right away. If you think you are having symptoms of anaphylaxis, call 911.
What Are the Signs of Reaction to a Beesting?
Although it is normal to have pain and some swelling at the site when stung by a bee, MayoClinic.com says an allergic reaction to a bee or wasp sting involves a large area of swelling -- or edema -- and possibly hives, coughing or wheezing. In severe cases, anaphylaxis could result. If you have had an allergic reaction to a sting in the past and been given an Epipen, use it right away. Even if symptoms improve, visit the emergency room to make sure symptoms don't reappear.
What Are Symptoms of Anaphylaxis?
According to MayoClinic.com, allergic reactions to foods, medications and insect stings can trigger anaphylaxis, which can cause you to go into shock. Signs of anaphylaxis include hives, fainting, lightheadedness, anxiety, cough, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing or swallowing. Seek emergency medical care immediately.
