Leuprolide is a prescription medication used for the treatment of prostate cancer, endometriosis and early-onset puberty. It is a synthetic, or man-made, version of a hormone in the body called gonadotropin-releasing hormone and belongs to a class of medications known as GnRH agonists. They work to decrease the production of the hormones testosterone and estrogen in men and women, respectively. Despite their benefits, GnRH agonists may cause unwanted side effects and complications.
Side Effects
Side effects can occur while taking leuprolide. Call a doctor if any of the following side effects occurs such as bone pain, burning sensations at the injection site, rapid weight gain, urination changes or difficulties and a sudden headache coinciding with confusion and changes in heart rate, vision or breathing, according to Medline Plus. Women may experience menstrual cycle changes, vaginal bleeding, increased facial hair growth and voice deepening while men may experience chest or groin pain, testicle shrinkage and erectile dysfunction, according to the MayoClinic.com. Consult the medications label or a doctor as this is not a complete list of side effects.
FDA Warning
Leuprolide is an FDA pregnancy category X drug, meaning it should not be taken by pregnant women or women planning on becoming pregnant as it can cause birth defects. Lactating women should also not feed their baby breastmilk while taking leuprolide, according to MedlinePlus. Long-term use of leuprolide may decrease bone density and increase the risk of osteoporosis. According to drugs.com, certain brands and dosage strengths of leuprolide are only to be used in men and may not be safe for women or children; clearly check labels before use.
Precautions
In October 2010, the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, released a warning on the use of GnRH agonists, of which leuprolide belongs. The report requires an update to the precautions and warnings section of GnRH agonist drug labels. It warns of an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events such as heart attack, stroke and sudden cardiac death in men taking GnRH agonist for the treatment of prostate cancer. The FDA's review of research studies showed a small, but statistically significant, increase in these events. Speak with a doctor to determine if the benefits of taking leuprolide for prostate cancer outweigh the risks.
