YMCA physical education teacher William G. Morgan originated the sport that would become volleyball in 1895 in Holyoke, Mass. Volleyball has since become one of the most popular sports in the world, played in backyards, on beaches and in the Olympic Games. The popularity of volleyball derives in part from its simplicity. It can be played in a relatively small space. A ball and a net are the two basic pieces of equipment needed to get started.
Ball
The International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) requires that a volleyball be made of pliable leather material that encases a bladder. The ball's circumference is 65 to 67 cm; it weighs 260 to 280 g. Players most often contact a volleyball with the forearms and open palms. Therefore, a volleyball is designed to be softer than other similar balls, such as a basketball. However, it still must be durable enough to withstand intense competition. Volleyballs used for recreational play often are made of rubber for extra durability.
Net
A net is a primary requirement for volleyball. FIVB mandates that a regulation net stand 2.43 m high in a men's match, 2.24 m for women. It should be one meter wide, from top to bottom, and 9.50 m to 10 m long. Horizontal bands are sewn across the top and bottom of the net with ring holes that are used to connect it to the supports.
Supports
Support posts are required to be, at most, one meter beyond the sidelines. They should also be at least 2.55 m in height. The posts are used to secure the net and keep it taut during games. Posts ideally should be anchored to the floor or ground. However, wires sometimes are required for additional stability. These wires should be strung well away from the court and clearly marked for the safety of the players.
Apparel
There are no specific personal equipment or uniform requirements for volleyball. Typically shorts, T-shirt and durable sneakers are all that's needed. Because the game requires players to dive and lunge for balls, many players use knee pads, especially when playing indoors on a wood court. The pads provide protection against bruising, but also need to be flexible and comfortable so they don't interfere with a player's freedom of movement.
Beach Volleyball
Beach volleyball has gained widespread popularity since the 1980s. There are subtle rules differences between beach volleyball and the indoor game, and differences in equipment. An official beach volleyball court is two meters shorter and one meter narrower than an indoor court. Beach volleyball lines are marked using a secured cord or colored strip.
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