Clinical depression can take the joy and passion out of life. Much more than a weakness or personality flaw, depression is a serious condition that usually requires medical treatment to prevent complications. Major depression, dysthymia and seasonal affective disorder are all examples of depressive disorders. In some cases, regular exercise can help improve symptoms of depression. Understanding the relationship between exercise and clinical depression will allow you to formulate a treatment plan that will work for you.
Causes
As of November 2010, no single factor has been identified as the cause of depression. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, clinical depression is thought to stem from a combination of genetic, environmental and biochemical factors that lead to an imbalance of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Serotonin, norepinephrine and endorphins are some of the neurotransmitters known to have an effect on mood and well-being. Other factors that may trigger or aggravate depression include psychological trauma, substance abuse and a family history of depression.
Symptoms
Clinical depression can manifest in a variety of ways. Primary symptoms are mood-related and include feelings of sadness, emptiness or loss of interest. Changes in sleep patterns, such as oversleeping or insomnia, and appetite are also common, and may lead to lead to significant weight loss or gain. Other symptoms can include fatigue, aches and pains, suicidal thoughts and anxiety.
Effects
While the primary treatments for depression are psychotherapy and medication, exercise can play an important role in symptom management for some people. According to Harvard Health Publications, vigorous exercise stimulates the release of endorphins, the body's natural mood elevators and painkillers. Exercise is also thought to increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels, further improving the nerve impulses involved in mood regulation.
In addition to its effects on brain chemistry, exercise can boost self-esteem and energy levels by increasing fitness and controlling weight. Other benefits include enhanced immune function and reduced blood pressure and cholesterol.
Methods
A combination of aerobic, strength training and flexibility exercises is ideal for optimal fitness. Activities that involve running and other types of sustained movement --- such as basketball and swimming --- are excellent for improving aerobic fitness, while weightlifting, push-ups and abdominal crunches help enhance muscle strength. Stretching exercises like Pilates and yoga are an effective way to tone muscles and improve flexibility.
A gym membership or personal trainer is not required to improve physical fitness. MayoClinic.com suggests gradually finding ways to work exercise into your daily routine, such as parking farther from entrances or taking the stairs instead of the elevator at work. Gardening, bicycling and other active hobbies also count toward your daily exercise requirements.
Warning
While exercise is important for health and mood regulation, it may not be an effective depression treatment in all patients. To prevent serious complications, never stop taking your depression medication without a doctor's supervision.
