Polyethylene glycol, also referred to as PEG, is a substance with many uses in cosmetics, drugs and detergents. It also has many synonyms, such as PEG-6, PEG,-8, PEG-12, PEG-40, PEG-150 and many more. The number after the name refers to the approximate molecular weight of the chain. PEG is nontoxic, will not affect your immune system, mixes well with water and is highly flexible, which makes it a useful substance in biological, chemical and pharmaceutical products.
Ingredients
PEG is composed of a repeating ethylene glycol unit which contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen molecules. If the ethylene glycol unit repeats four times, for example, it is called PEG4.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Polyethylene glycol comes as a clear liquid or a white solid with a mild odor. It is soluble in water, and its melting point increases with its molecular weight. There are no adverse health effects from inhalation, skin or eye contact. Some stomach upset may occur if large doses are ingested, notes the Material Safety Data Sheet, or MSDS.
Uses
Polyethylene glycol is used in many products as a thickener. It is used in toothpaste because it can prevent bacteria from breaking down the substances that control tartar buildup. PEG is also used to make detergents that have foaming, thickening stabilizing properties. PEG ensures proper mixing of the ingredients, making cleaning products such as shampoos more effective. PEG is used in many medications as well; for example, PEG 3350 comes in powder form which has to be mixed with water, and is used to treat occasional constipation. This is a prescribed medication and, according to MedlinePlus, should be taken exactly as directed. Speak with your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure about how to take PEG.
