According to the Lupus Foundation of America, there is no specific diet for individuals with lupus. In general, a well-balanced, nutrient-dense diet is best. An important factor when determining which foods to include or exclude from the diet is the possible interaction between food and medications. Check with a physician or pharmacist before adding foods, particularly herbs and supplements.
Fats
Limit consumption of saturated and trans fats. Avoid products containing hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils. Omega 3 fatty acid, found in fatty fish, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, decrease risk of coronary artery disease and decrease blood pressure. Lupus patients have increased risk of heart disease, so should consume fish weekly.
Carbohydrates
Eat a variety of fresh fruits, vegetables and whole-grain foods. Fresh plant foods have been shown to lower homocysteine levels. Homocysteine has been shown to increase heart disease risk and is often elevated in lupus patients. Choose whole-grain pastas, breads and cereals to increase fiber, vitamins and minerals. Increase calcium intake by consuming green leafy vegetables like broccoli, spinach and collard greens, particularly if taking steroids or dealing with osteoporosis.
Protein
Protect the kidneys by limiting animal protein like dairy products, chicken, beef, turkey and fish. Include two or three servings of cheese, yogurt and milk to meet vitamin D and calcium requirements. Choose plant protein sources such as nuts, dried beans and soy.
Salt
Medications taken by lupus patients, such as corticosteriods, may cause swelling and fluid retention. Individuals prescribed these medications should restrict salt, particularly patients with hypertension or kidney disease. Watch for hidden sources of sodium, like soy sauce and monosodium glutamate, and avoid processed foods.
Alfalfa
Alfalfa seeds can cause lupus symptoms, including muscle pain, fatigue, abnormal blood results and kidney problems. It is thought that alfalfa can increase immune activity. This increased activity can increase disease symptoms in individuals with autoimmune diseases like lupus.
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