When you think of depression in children, toddlers don't usually come to mind. However, a study done by the Department of Psychiatry at the Washington University School of Medicine reports that depression involves changes in brain chemicals that can occur at an early age. Knowing the signs of depression in preschoolers can ensure that they receive the proper treatment when, and if, necessary.
Poor Appetite and Sleep
One of the first signs of depression in toddlers is similar to that of depression in adults. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychology (AACAP) reports that the child might experience a loss of appetite and a lack of interest in food of any kind. The lack of appetite isn't simply for one meal here and there. While it sometimes starts that way, eventually the loss of appetite is consistent, resulting in weight loss. The depressed child often develops a change in sleep patterns as well, which can be due in part to the chemical imbalance that is taking place in the brain as well as malnutrition from lack of proper nutrients.
Mood Changes
While lack of sleep and proper nutrition can affect a child's mood, so does depression. The National Mental Health Information Center states that signs of depression in children include irritability and crying. Unfortunately, this symptom is often brushed aside as typical childhood behavior, so it is overlooked as a possible link to a depressed state. Other mood symptoms that are listed are sudden outbursts of anger, complaining and persistent sadness. Helen Egger of Duke University studies depression in children, and she found that a depressed toddler will often appear sad during playtime or other daily activities.
Behavioral Symptoms
While a depressed child experiences mood changes, these changes can result in a shift in behavioral patterns. At first they might seem sad, even during play, but eventually they'll show a complete lack of desire to engage in playtime activities. The child will appear to isolate himself from other children and adults. This may not only be in physical distance, but emotionally as well. The AACAP states that the depressed child can have an inability to communicate properly with others, which can make him withdraw in social situations, and result in a difficult time getting along with others. Other behavioral symptoms include reckless or self-destructive behavior, and complaints of pains or illness.
