The birth control pill is an oral contraceptive made up of synthetic hormones that is taken on a daily basis. Oral contraceptives are used by 30 percent of U.S. women for birth control, according to The Mayo Clinic. Commonly referred to as "the pill," the medication works in one of three ways, according to American Pregnancy's Website: ovulation is prevented, there is decreased production of mucous around the cervix preventing sperm from entering the cervix, and the lining of the uterus becomes thinner, making it more difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the wall. There are several pros and cons to consider prior to taking the birth control pill.
Pro: Effectiveness
Oral birth control is extremely effective in preventing pregnancy. If taken correctly---the same time daily and not missing any medication, the pill is 99 percent effective. Many times women do miss a pill or start a pack of pills later than required. The average effective rate is between 93 and 97 percent.
Pro: Health Benefits
Oral contraceptives have several health benefits. A woman's menstrual flow is lighter; she may experience less bleeding and blood clots when having her period. Women report less cramping and tenderness prior to and during their menstrual cycle when taking oral contraceptives. Using oral contraceptive for several years decreases the risk of ovarian and uterus cancer. There is also a decreased risk of developing other conditions including anemia, fibrocystic breast disease, endometriosis and ovarian cysts.
Pro: No Interference
Oral birth control does not interfere with sexual activity---including foreplay or during sexual intercourse. Other forms of birth control such as condoms, spermicide and diaphragms must be manipulated prior to intercourse. The interruption may alter the mood both partners are in.
Con: STD Protection
The pill does not offer protection against any sexually transmitted diseases. It is recommended to use other forms of birth control, such as male condoms to prevent the contraction of an STD. Only use the pill as the sole contraceptive method if you are in a monogamous relationship and partners are free of sexually transmitted diseases.
Con: Missing a Pill
A missed pill increases the chance for pregnancy to occur. Periods can become irregular and spotting may occur between menstrual cycles. Take a pill as soon as possible if it is the first time during the cycle a pill has been forgotten, the next pill should be taken at the usual time. Forgetting a pill the second time is more serious. A back up contraceptive method is necessary, and it is recommended to refrain from sexual activity.
Con: Side Effects
Though oral contraceptives are a popular choice for birth control, some women should not take them. Woman who are over the age of 35 as well as woman with a history of blood clots, cardiovascular disease and smokers should not take the contraceptive. Woman with a history of breast, uterine or liver cancer should also avoid taking the pill. There is a slightly increased risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. Though rare, a woman taking the pill also risks having a stroke. Two in 1,000 women will experience blood clots when taking the pill. The blood clots can block blood and oxygen flow to the heart or brain, leading to a stroke or heart attack.
