Crohn's disease belongs to a group of digestive diseases referred to as inflammatory bowel diseases. The condition is characterized by the inflammation of the digestive tract. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, the inflammation may occur anywhere in the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus, but most commonly affects the lower portion of the small intestine, called the ileum.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of Crohn's disease include abdominal pain and diarrhea. The abdominal pain associated with Crohn's disease usually affects the lower right portion of the abdomen. In addition to pain and diarrhea, those with Crohn's disease may also experience rectal bleeding, weight loss, arthritis, skin problems and fever. The NDDIC notes that if rectal bleeding is severe or persistent, it can lead to the development of anemia.
Importance of Good Nutrition
Following the correct diet is an essential component of managing Crohn's disease. The Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America notes that caloric needs are increased in people who have chronic diseases. Because of this, people with Crohn's disease must ensure they are getting enough calories to provide the body with the energy it needs to maintain normal functioning. Because Crohn's disease is also associated with diarrhea, it can result in poor absorption of fat, carbohydrates and water. This makes a person with Crohn's disease more susceptible to various nutrient deficiencies.
What to Eat
A poor diet does not cause Crohn's disease, but the proper diet can help reduce occurrence and severity of symptoms. Those with Crohn's disease often find it beneficial to avoid dairy products, high-fat foods and spicy foods, according to MayoClinic.com. It may also be beneficial to avoid consuming raw fruits and vegetables. Lightly steaming fruits and vegetables can help decrease diarrhea. Other common problem foods include spicy foods, alcohol and caffeine. Instead of eating three large meals every day, it can help to split meals into five or six smaller meals throughout the day. This can reduce stress and pressure on the digestive tract and may help reduce symptoms.
Other Treatment
In addition to avoiding foods that can exacerbate symptoms, there are other treatment options available for the management of Crohn's disease. Anti-inflammatory medications are often the first form of treatment for Crohn's disease, although MayoClinic.com notes that these medications do not work for everyone. Other medications may include immune system suppressants, antibiotics, anti-diarrheals and pain relievers.
Complications
If left untreated, Crohn's disease can lead to several gastrointestinal complications. One of the most common is a bowel obstruction, which is characterized by a partial or complete blockage of the bowel. The chronic inflammation associated with Crohn's disease can also lead to ulcers and the chronic diarrhea can cause anal fissures, or small tears in the anus.
