Causes of Obesity in Children

Between 16 and 33 percent of children and adolescents are obese in the United States, according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). Obesity does not mean a few pounds over the recommended weight. The AACAP points out that a child must weigh 10 percent more than is recommended for her body type. The AACP also indicates obesity first appears between the ages of 5 and 6 and during adolescence. Burning fewer calories than are consumed creates the necessary foundation for putting on weight.

Genetics

A child with an obese parent has a 50 percent chance of also being obese and an 80 percent chance if both parents are obese. The prevalence obesity in other family members can also be a contributing risk factor. Body type, shape and how the body stores and burns fat are determined by genes. Genetics alone do not determine obesity, but when genetics is paired with other causes, like medical conditions or lifestyle, a child has a higher risk of becoming overweight.

Medical

Medical illnesses can predispose children to obesity. Examples of this include Prader-Willi syndrome and Cushing's syndrome. These and other diseases that impact the endocrine system account for only a small percentage of obese children. Psychological concerns can also make it difficult to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Depression can lead children to overeat to cope. Parents can encourage healthy eating habits and encourage their children to help boost their self esteem. Seek guidance from a psychologist or physician if your child appears to have an eating disorder. Early intervention improves the likelihood of recovering from the disorder.

Lifestyle and Diet

Behavior that contributes to obesity includes poor eating habits, overeating or binging, and lack of exercise. According to KidsHealth.org, fast food and eating on the run play a large role in the child obesity rates. Increasing physical activity and focusing on portion control and healthy food choices can decrease the risk of obesity for your child. Children do not usually make the grocery decisions, so as a parent, it is important to purchase healthy food choices instead of high-fat convenience foods that will promote excess calorie intake. Children should participate in a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week. Parents can limit television, computer and video game time and encourage play time to increase a child's activity level. Family activities such as hiking, a game of chase or bicycling promote activity in children and also teach by example.