The nutrient potassium supports the function of muscle and nerve cells. The amount of potassium in the body is regulated by the kidneys. Low potassium, or hypokalemia, occurs when the level of potassium in the blood is insufficient to support the daily needs of the body. Several diseases impact the body's ability to retain potassium, including Fanconi Syndrome, Liddle Syndrome, Bartter Syndrome and Cushing Syndrome. Low levels of potassium manifest as a variety of bodily illnesses.
Irregular Heartbeat
Under normal conditions, the four chambers of the heart contract in regular, coordinated intervals. Low levels of potassium in the blood can cause an irregular heartbeat, also known as arrhythmia. In severe cases, arrhythmia due to low potassium can result in cardiac arrest.
Fatigue
Low potassium can cause a generalized feeling of fatigue, resulting in extreme exhaustion and a lack of energy and motivation. People suffering from fatigue due to low potassium experience an inability to function on a daily basis.
Muscular Cramping and Weakness
Moderate hypokalemia may result in skeletal muscle function impairment, causing muscle cramps. Muscular weakness may also occur, as well muscle pain, or myalgia. Severe cases of potassium deficiency can cause rhabdomyolysis, or the deterioration of skeletal muscle tissue.
Paralysis
Hypokalemia can cause flaccid paralysis, or limpness of the muscles. In extreme cases, paralysis of the lungs is possible, resulting in impaired breathing.
Constipation
Low potassium levels can impair the function of involuntary smooth muscle tissue, resulting in constipation and other digestive difficulties.
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