1. Related to Mad Cow Disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rare brain disorder that affects 250 to 300 people in the United States each year, but with most reported cases occurring in the United Kingdom. However, there is speculation about these numbers, as the disorder is difficult to diagnose. The disorder is the human condition of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as "Mad Cow Disease."
2. Many Different Strains
There are several types of CJD. Sporadic CJD (sCJD) seemingly occurs for no apparent reason and is responsible for about 85% of cases diagnosed. A mutated gene in the DNA of some people leads to Familial CJD. Acquired CJD links to tainted medical procedures. And yet another form of Acquired CJD, known as Variant CJD (vCJD), affects mostly young people in the United Kingdom and is caused by eating contaminated beef.
3. Difficult to Diagnose
Diagnosing CJD is difficult and requires many methods and tests to ensure accuracy. Doctors must first rule out the occurrence of any treatable diseases. The doctor will evaluate the patient's complete medical history and take into account any similar neurological diseases reported in family members. If the patient presents with symptoms of the disease, including mental deterioration, hallucinations, odd behavior, fine and gross-motor difficulties and unresponsiveness, the doctor may take samples of both the blood and spinal fluid. He may also perform an EEG and MRI. In the event the doctor suspects a treatable disease, he may take a small biopsy of the brain for examination.
4. Death Is Unavoidable
Death is inevitable for a person diagnosed with CJD and so medical professionals and family members should take special measures to ensure that the patient is both safe and comfortable. Whether the patient spends his final days at home, the hospital or in hospice, you need to be certain that he receives adequate care. The patient will need access to a walker or wheelchair as walking becomes difficult or impossible. Likewise, he may require a hospital bed with side rails to prevent him from getting out of bed suddenly. The patient will need extra attention in his skincare in the form of frequent turning, massage therapy and sponge baths. These measures will help prevent bed sores, promote circulation and keep the patient clean.
5. Make the Patient Comfortable
Although there are no medications available to treat CJD, there are drugs you can administer to the patient to make her more comfortable. Many CJD patients have a difficult time sleeping, so sleeping pills are beneficial. Likewise, sedatives are useful for those patients who become violent or experience disturbing hallucinations. As the illness progresses and the patient has trouble breathing, doctors can administer morphine to both ease pain and make breathing easier. Aside from medications, however, you can provide a soothing environment for the patient by keeping her room calm and quiet. Play music softly. Lastly, be sure to let the patient hear the sound of your voice by talking to her often.
