Several forms of arthritis cause joint inflammation and pain. Arthritis medications can be used to treat the inflammation, reducing pain and discomfort. Each type of arthritis medication has specific side effects and risks, so discuss the options with a doctor before choosing an arthritis treatment. If bothersome side effects occur, report them to a physician so other options can be considered.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are useful for arthritis treatment because they reduce inflammation. Inflammation is what causes the swelling, pain and warmth of the joints affected by arthritis. These drugs are available as pills or injections. Common oral corticosteroids include cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone and hydrocortone. Injection corticosteroids include betamethasone, triamcinolone and prednisolone.
NSAIDs
Three types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for arthritis treatment. Salicylates, a group of NSAIDs that includes aspirin, is one of the oldest medications for inflammation. Aspirin and other salicylates can have serious side effects, so it may be necessary to take a nonacetylated salicylate such as salsalate, choline magnesium trisalicylate and magnesium salicylate. Traditional NSAIDs, including ibuprofen and naproxen, effectively reduce inflammation. COX-2 inhibitors are a type of NSAID that blocks the action of an enzyme known as COX-2, which causes inflammation.
DMARDs
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can prevent joint damage caused by chronic inflammation, according to The Arthritis Foundation. They can be used to treat psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Examples of DMARDs include leflunomide, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, minocycline, cyclosporine and azathioprine.
Hyaluronic Acid Injections
Hyaluronic acid is a substance found in the fluid of the joints. This substance protects the joints from damage. Arthritis causes the hyaluronic acid to thin, reducing its protective effects and resulting in inflammation and pain. Injections of hyaluronic acid can improve pain for up to one year, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians.
