Hydroxyprogesterone, also known as 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, is a synthetic hormone that mimics the hydroxyprogesterone naturally produced in the body. Hydroxyprogesterone was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1956. Hydroxyprogesterone is indicated for several conditions including the prevention of miscarriage, menstrual irregularities and palliative relief for inoperable endometrial carcinoma. Hydroxyprogesterone is classified as a category D medication for pregnancy, meaning that there is substantial evidence of harm to the fetus. Patients who become pregnant should consult their physician before taking hydroxyprogesterone. Hydroxyprogesterone can cause several side effects that may depend on the age of the patient and the condition it was prescribed for.
Allergic Reactions
Hydroxyprogesterone may cause several allergic and hypersensitive reactions. In an August 2006 report by the Food and Drug Administration, the most common side effect was pain at the injection site, occurring in 34 percent of patients. This is only slightly higher than placebo. Another 17 percent of patients experience swelling at the injection site. Twelve percent of patients experience hives while 7 percent develop generalized itching. Other allergic and hypersensitive reactions include itching and irritation at the injection site. Study patients taking placebo experienced injection site irritation at a higher rate than those on hydroxyprogesterone. Any patients who experience prolonged allergic reactions should inform their physician to find a suitable alternative.
Gastrointestinal and Neurological Reactions
Patients taking hydroxyprogesterone may also experience gastrointestinal side effects. According to the report by the FDA, nearly 6 percent of patients experience nausea and another 3 percent may experience vomiting. Anorexia has occurred in 1.6 percent of patients. One percent of patients report abdominal pain. RxList also includes weight loss, weight gain and changes in appetite. Hydroxyprogesterone may also cause neurological side effects. The FDA report states that 5.5 percent of patients have experienced confusion. Other neurological side effects include dizziness, depression and head pain.
Other Side Effects
Hydroxyprogesterone may cause several other side effects. According to the prescribing information from Cims India, patients may experience acne, breast discomfort, cough, shortness of breath and circulatory problems. In addition, RxList also states that patients may experience irregular periods and unusual vaginal bleeding, low energy, fatigue and visible water retention. Some side effects may go away as the body becomes adjusted to the new medication. Any patients who experience persistent or life-threatening side effects should inform their physician immediately. Synthetic progesterone hormones should be taken only when the benefits outweigh the potential risks and side effects.
