Dry skin can stem from a variety of medical conditions, genetics or environmental factors. If you already suffer from dry skin, certain things can cause it to become even drier. Your skin may begin to peel, crack and bleed if it becomes extremely dry. Depending upon the cause of your extremely dry skin, your physician may recommend over-the-counter remedies or give you a prescription medication.
Xerosis
MedlinePlus describes xerosis as abnormally dry skin or mucus membranes, which primarily affects your arms and legs. Typically, this condition worsens during cold, dry winter months when there is very little humidity in the air, and is most common in the elderly. With xerosis, your skin becomes so dry that it becomes dry, scaly and red. Your skin may itch and begin to crack. Moisturizers tend to treat this condition, according to MedlinePlus, but you may also need topical steroids for very inflamed or itchy areas. To prevent xerosis, avoid excess water exposure, bathe in lukewarm or cool water instead of hot and use gentle cleansers. Harsh cleansers may cause your skin to dry out more.
Eczema
Eczema has a rash-like appearance and is typically very itchy, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. When you scratch your skin, it may become irritated and inflamed. While eczema is not contagious, the exact cause is unknown. If you have a family history of eczema, you are more likely to develop eczema than an individual who does not have a family history of this condition. There is no cure for this condition; however, you can manage it. Avoiding possible irritants, such as perfumes and fragrances, harsh detergents, cleansers and other solvents, can help manage eczema. Water can also dry out your skin. Wearing gloves when you must have your hands submerged in water for long periods can help offset skin irritation. Applying a moisturizer immediately after bathing or washing your hands can help seal moisture into your skin. Avoid wearing wools and other abrasive fabrics. If your eczema becomes severe, your doctor may prescribe a topical steroid.
Thyroid Disorders
Hypothyroidism is a condition that occurs when your thyroid does not produce enough hormones. When your thyroid does not produce a sufficient amount of hormones, it reduces the activity of your oil and sweat glands, according to the Mayo Clinic. Your oil and sweat glands provide your skin with lubrication. When these glands do not produce enough oil, your skin can become extremely dry and rough. To treat this condition, your doctor may prescribe a thyroid medication to help your thyroid become more active.
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