Colorectal cancer, which is cancer of the colon and rectum, is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Colorectal cancer is usually referred to as colon cancer. It is most common in adults over the age of 50 and it affects both men and women.
Development of Cancer
Most cases of colorectal cancer begin as small, noncancerous growths referred to as adenomatous polyps. Polyps usually begin small and initially, do not cause any noticeable symptoms. It is unclear why, but over time, some of these polyps develop into cancerous cells.
Symptoms
According to MayoClinic.com, many people with colorectal cancer do not experience any symptoms in the early stages of the disease. As the cancer progresses, it can cause a change in bowel habits. The consistency of the stool may change or you may become constipated or experience diarrhea. Other symptoms include rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, abdominal cramps, gas, abdominal pain, weakness, fatigue and weight loss.
Treatment
Treatment for colorectal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer as well as the general health of the cancer patient. If the cancer is localized, it may be treated with physical removal of any colon polyps or cancerous lesions. Cancer that has spread may require removal of part of the colon as well as treatment with chemotherapy and radiation.
Prevention
The National Cancer Institute notes that most scientific studies show that dietary fiber has a protective effect and can help prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Fiber can help prevent colorectal cancer by binding to bile acids, diluting carcinogens and decreasing the time that it takes for fecal matter to move through the bowel. Fecal matter consists mainly of waste. If this waste sits in the colon for extended periods of time, it can contribute to the development of carcinogens and lead to cancer. Fiber ensures that fecal matter moves through the colon quickly and smoothly. According to "Nutrition and You" by Joan Salge Blake, fiber also adds bulk to the stool, which can dilute cancer-promoting substances in the colon. Fiber also promotes the growth of good bacteria in the colon, which may help prevent cancer.
High-Fiber Foods
Foods that are high in fiber include whole-grain carbohydrates, bran, oats, popcorn, fruits and vegetables. Legumes, nuts and seeds also contain high amounts of dietary fiber. The Food and Nutrition Board recommends consuming at least 25 g of fiber on a daily basis.
