Osteoarthritis is a painful joint disease that affects millions of people. Characterized by a slow degeneration of cartilage between the bony joints, osteoarthritis leads to painful inflammation and impaired joint movement. The treatment of osteoarthritis usually consists of symptomatic treatment with anti-inflammatory and pain medications. However, there is data to suggest that natural supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin may either slow the degenerative process or even stimulate cartilage growth. Although generally free of adverse effects, there are safety considerations to take into account before taking glucosamine and chondroitin.
Glucosamine Allergy
Glucosamine supplements are often derived from shrimp, crab and other shellfish. Patients with severe shellfish allergies may have an allergic reaction to glucosamine. Some evidence suggests a correlation between glucosamine supplementation and asthma exacerbations. Although most glucosamine supplements contain only traces of shellfish, patients with allergies to shellfish could develop severe life-threatening reactions.
Diabetes
Diabetic patients are usually concerned with blood glucose control. Although there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that glucosamine leads to higher blood sugars, there is evidence to suggest that glucosamine may impair cellular response to insulin. Diabetics should closely monitor blood glucose when starting glucosamine supplements.
Bleeding Disorders
Both glucosamine and chondroitin can exacerbate bleeding disorders. Chondroitin is chemically similar to heparin, an injectable drug widely used for anti-coagulation. Caution should be taken with glucosamine and chondroitin in patients who are taking anti-coagulants or anti-platelet medications. Patients who are genetically predisposed to bleeding disorders should also consult a physician regarding the benefits versus risks of taking glucosamine and chondroitin supplements.
FDA Regulation
The Food and Drug Administration does not regulate herbal supplements as heavily as prescription medications. Glucosamine and chondroitin manufacturers are not subject to the same standards of quality and purity. The result is the possibility that some products on the market lack potency or contain impurities. Patients should consult a physician or pharmacist who can suggest a reputable brand.
Other Considerations
Cases of kidney inflammation and dysfunction have been reported in patients taking glucosamine supplements, and whether this is a cause and effect relationship remains unclear. Glucosamine and chondroitin should be avoided during pregnancy or breastfeeding since clinical data and safety information are lacking in this patient population. Patients should consult a physician before using glucosamine and chondroitin supplements.
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