The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary arteries have become narrowed or blocked due to the accumulation of plaque on the arterial walls. To prevent further plaque buildup on the arteries, it is important for someone with coronary artery disease to follow a healthy nutrition plan.
Fat
Saturated fats and trans fat can contribute to high blood pressure, high triglycerides and high cholesterol levels, which can all worsen coronary artery disease. If you have coronary artery disease, avoid foods that contain these fats, such as fried foods, and replace them with healthy, unsaturated fats, such as olive oil, nuts, seeds and fish. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends consuming 25 to 35 percent of the day's calories from fat and ensuring that no more than 7 percent of these calories come from saturated fat. Avoid trans fat completely.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a component of plaque, and high blood cholesterol levels significantly contribute to coronary artery disease. Avoid high-cholesterol foods, like egg yolks and red meat, if you have coronary artery disease. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends limiting daily dietary cholesterol intake to no more than 200mg per day.
Fiber
Foods that are high in fiber can help stop the digestive tract from absorbing excess amounts of cholesterol. It is important to eat enough fiber if you have coronary artery disease. The best sources of fiber include whole grains, oats, bran, legumes, fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables also contain substances called plant sterols, which also help reduce cholesterol levels. You should try to consume at least 25g of fiber every day. It is also important to drink more water when you're taking in more fiber.
Sodium
When the body contains excess sodium, it retains water in an effort to balance out salt and fluid levels. This water retention increases blood volume, which can contribute to increased blood pressure. If you have coronary artery disease, increased blood pressure can lead to increased risk of complications. Limiting salt intake to no more than 2,400mg per day can help prevent significant increases in blood pressure.
Considerations
If you have coronary artery disease, limit your intake of alcohol. Alcohol raises both your blood pressure and triglyceride levels. High blood pressure and triglycerides can both worsen coronary artery disease and increase your risks of complications from coronary artery disease. Alcohol is high in calories, which can lead to weight gain. Weight gain can also contribute to increased risk of complications.
