Onychoschizia -- splitting, brittle, soft or thin nails -- is a cosmetic problem that can be troublesome in social situations. According to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, dry nails most commonly affect women, especially during winter when there is little moisture available in the air. Dry, split nails are easily treated and should not be a cause for concern.
Causes
The most common cause of dry, split nails is repeatedly wetting and drying your fingernails. A lack of iron may also lead to dry nails that split easily. Aging is another major factor for this condition. Some nail polishes contain hardeners, especially the ones that claim to dry in a single coat. These polishes do not allow moisture to reach the nail, resulting in dry split nails. If you regularly wash dishes and handle cleaning agents, wear gloves while doing so, since the cleaning agents contain chemicals which can damage your nails. Some damage to the nail can be weather induced, if you are not moisturizing your skin enough.
Symptoms
The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology divides brittle nails into two categories: dry, brittle nails and soft, brittle nails. A dry nail will cause the top layer of the nail to peel off; dry nails result from too little moisture. Sometimes a part of the top layer may split. Soft nails result from too much moisture in the nails.
Treatment
There is no medical treatment for dry nails. You can massage petroleum jelly into the nails for 10 minutes before going to bed. You can also use an over-the-counter lotion containing alpha-hydroxy acid on your hands, feet and nails. Dry nails are commonly seen in the feet because many people don't moisturize this area of the body.
Prevention
The simplest way to avoid the problem of dry, splitting nails is to consume a diet that is healthy and nutritious. Vitamin E and gelatin are important for healthy nails. Foods that contain vitamin E include meat, legumes, nuts, margarine and vegetable oil. Eating jams, jellies and flavored gelatin such as Jello will add gelatin to your diet. If your lifestyle does not allow this, take a total health supplement that contains vitamins, minerals and trace elements required by the body.
Considerations
It is important to keep your hands clean to avoid getting an infection if your nails are dry and split. Use a moisturizing antibacterial soap to keep your hands clean. If the problem persists, contact your doctor to determine other possible treatment options.
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