When you think of allergies, you typically don't think of vitamins. Although, it is considered uncommon, a person can be allergic to any vitamin, including vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is a water-based vitamin that is essential for a properly functioning body and is commonly found in fish, shellfish and dairy products, according to the Mayo Clinic. The body stores enough B12 for several years which makes it very rare for a deficiency to occur. A person with a B12 allergy should talk to her doctor about a proper diagnosis and treatment options.
Background
An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system is hypersensitive to a specific substance, called an allergen. In this case, B12 is the allergen that causes an overreaction of the immune system. The body mistakes B12 as a dangerous substance and attempts to ward it off by producing antibodies, according to MedlinePlus. The antibodies cause mast cells to create histamine to help fight off the vitamin. The result of increased histamine in soft tissue throughout the body is common allergic reactions.
Symptoms
According to the Drugs website, common symptoms of an allergic reaction to vitamin B12 are hives, shortness of breath and swelling in the lips, throat or tongue. Hives and other skin reactions can occur within a few minutes after ingesting the vitamin. Skin reactions cause the skin to become inflamed and very itchy. Shortness of breathe may also be accompanied with wheezing, coughing, chest pain and difficulty breathing.
Anaphylactic Shock Consideration
A severe allergic reaction to vitamin B12 can lead to anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock is extreme allergic reaction where the entire body experience increased levels of histamine, according to MedlinePlus. Anaphylactic shock can cause swelling in the throat, an increased heart rate, dizziness, a sudden drop in blood pressure and fainting. If these symptoms develop, inject the patient with epinephrine and call 911.
Prevention
MedlinePlus recommends that a person who has been diagnosed with a B12 allergy to wear a medical bracelet to warn and inform onlookers in case of an emergency. Inform friends, family and co-workers of the allergy. The Mayo Clinic recommends that someone with a B12 allergy avoid consuming cobalamin or cobalt. If you know you have a severe allergy to B12, carry an epinephrine injection on your person at all times.
Other Reactions
Other reactions to vitamin B12 may include joint pain, fever, pain, numbness, nausea, diarrhea, upset stomach, joint pain and itching, according to the Drugs website.
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