The thyroid gland, located in the lower neck, produces hormones that control the body's metabolism. When the thyroid gland produces too much or too little hormone, metabolism slows down or speeds up inappropriately. An underactive thyroid causes fatigue, weight gain, dry skin and hair and difficulty staying warm. In contrast, an overactive thyroid is characterized by weight loss, irritability, muscles weakness, tremors and sleep disturbances. Thyroid conditions are typically treated with medication but nutrition and dietary factors may also affect symptoms
Iodine
The body cannot produce iodine and so it must be obtained from dietary sources. The recommended dietary allowance for iodine in adults at 150 micrograms per day. Pregnant women should consume 220 micrograms of iodine per day and breastfeeding women require 290 micrograms per day. Using iodized table salt in cooking and food preparation is a simple way to boost iodine levels. One teaspoon of iodized salt contains approximately 400 micrograms of iodine. Dairy products, seafood, meat, and eggs are good dietary sources of iodine. Your health care provider may recommend a vitamin supplement if your diet is deficient in iodine.
Soy
Some studies have indicated that soy products interfere with the absorption of the synthetic thyroid hormone used to treat thyroid disease. However, physicians at the Mayo Clinic do not advise patients to completely remove soy products from their diet. In most cases,thyroid medication should be taken on an empty stomach and soy products can be consumed four hours afterwards. Consult your health care provider to find out if these recommendations apply to you.
Caffeine, Alcohol and Refined Sugars
Caffeine, alcohol and foods that are high in refined sugars can worsen the symptoms of thyroid disease. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends that patients limit the amount of these foods in their diets. Avoid processed foods and choose lean meats, complex carbohydrates and fruits and vegetables that are high in antioxidants.
