The appearance of dark circles on the body can be worrisome and embarrassing. They occur for a variety of reasons, some which require the attention of a doctor. Because of this, it is important to understand what can cause dark circles to develop and how they can be treated.
Definition
The appearance of dark circles on the skin can occur anywhere on the body including the face, beneath the eyes, and on the hands. Oftentimes, they are found in areas of the body most exposed to the sun. These areas of pigment can occur in both males and females of any age. Dark patches of skin can be small or may be large and cover large areas of skin.
Causes
Dark circles on the skin can occur when the body produces excess amounts of melanin, the pigment that gives the skin its color. According to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, common causes include liver or age spots, the hormonal condition melasma, acne, skin injuries and freckles. Dark circles that develop around or beneath the eyes can occur as the skin and fat thins out with age, sun exposure and nasal congestion.
Treatments
To treat pigmentation problems, a doctor can prescribe a medicated cream containing cortisone, hydroquinone or tretinoin. These products gradually bleach the skin, making the dark circles fade until they match the rest of the skin's tone. Skin bleaches are also sold over-the-counter but may not be as effective. For dark circles beneath the eyes, the MayoClinic.com website recommends applying a cold compress, such as a frozen bag of vegetables, to reduce blood vessel dilation and skin puffiness.
Tips
Dark skin circles can be exacerbated with exposure to the sun. This is because melanin is designed to absorb the ultraviolet rays of the sun. As a result, skin and dark circles can darken. The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology suggests wearing a broad spectrum sunscreen every day. A concealer that is a peach hue can help camouflage dark circles on the skin and under the eyes.
Warnings
The MedlinePlus website warns that dark circles on the skin can sometimes be due a serious medical condition such as Addison's disease. With this disorder, the body cannot produce adequate amounts of hormones as the result of adrenal cortex damage. Besides patches of hyperpigmentation, symptoms can include pain in the abdomen, lowered blood pressure, loss of consciousness, fatigue, nausea and breathing difficulties.
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