Bloodborne pathogens are microscopic organisms that are capable of causing disease or illness. Blood and other body fluids might contain these pathogens. HBV, which causes Hepatitis B and HIV, are two of the most well known bloodborne pathogens.
Universal Precautions
Universal precautions are advised to prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens and the diseases they might cause. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration recommend treating any and all blood and body fluid as if it were contaminated and potentially infectious.
Routes of Transmission
Diseases caused by bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted through a puncture wound, a cut from a razor or scalpel, any type of break or tear in the skin, or contact with mucous membranes of the nose, mouth or eye.
Hand Washing
Hand washing is the most effective way to prevent the spread of bloodborne and other pathogens. The CDC recommends each hand wash take at least 15 to 20 seconds.
Protective Barriers
Health care workers and others who might be exposed to bloodborne pathogens should always wear protective clothing such as gowns and gloves to protect them from transmitting any disease. Eye and face protection help protect the face and delicate mucous membranes from pathogens.
Management of Waste
Contaminated materials should always be disposed of properly. Any items soiled with body fluids or blood should be disposed of in biohazard trash. All dirty linen should be handled with gloves to avoid any environmental transfer of disease.
Safety and Injury Prevention
Health care workers and others who come in contact with needles, scalpels or razors should always exercise caution. These items should be properly disposed of in a puncture-resistant container, and extreme care should be taken when handling these instruments. If specialized safety devices are available, they should be utilized.
References
- Phlebotomy Essentials; Ruth E. McCall, 2003
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
