Dandruff, or sebhorreic dermatitis, can cause your scalp to itch and shed flakes of dry skin. Dandruff has a variety of causes, from shampooing your hair too often or not often enough, to sensitivity to washing and styling products. Medical problems like eczema and psoriasis also can result in an itchy flaky scalp.
Medicated Shampoo
Dr. Jim Mitterando, in an article for Healthcaresouth.com, recommends a shampoo containing selenium sulfide to treat dandruff. These shampoos are widely available over the counter. Give the shampoo several weeks to work, always following it with conditioner to replenish moisture to the scalp. If there is no improvement, Mitterando suggests trying a pyritione zinc or salicylic acid shampoo next. Be aware that shampoos that are classified as "medicated" products often contain menthol, which causes tingling and may help treat itching but does not actually eradicate dandruff. An antifungal medicated shampoo, formerly sold only by prescription but now available over the counter, may help when all other dandruff shampoos fail.
Home Remedies
Home remedies for dandruff and itchy scalp include tea tree oil and apple cider vinegar. Mix antiseptic tea tree oil with olive or safflower oil and massage it into the scalp. A 50/50 rinse of apple cider vinegar and water may also be effective. Shampoos containing tea tree, rosemary or lavender oil are available in health food stores. Peppermint, spearmint and eucalyptus oils can also help alleviate intense itching. Coal tar shampoo may discolor hair and irritate the scalp and should be used only as a last resort.
Medical Treatment
According to the Mayo Clinic, a steroid lotion applied to the scalp may treat very resistant dandruff. However, steroid treatment can have side effects -- such as thinning of the skin -- making it appropriate only as a short-term solution. A dermatologist can determine the cause of your dandruff and suggest the best over-the-counter treatment for long-term management. For example, seborrheic dermatitis or eczema may respond most favorably to coal tar treatment, while dandruff caused by winter dry skin may clear up with a deep-conditioning shampoo. A dermatologist can prescribe other anti-fungal treatments if he determines your dandruff is being caused by fungus.
