Vitamin B12 Deficiency & Homocysteine

Vitamin B12 is a vitamin that is found in a variety of foods including dairy products, meats and fish. The body requires vitamin B12 from these sources to form red blood cells adequately and in the proper development of nerve cells. It is rare to develop a deficiency in vitamin B12 because of large body stores, however, there are situations that make someone more susceptible. There is a direct link to low levels of vitamin B12 and the deleterious effects of high levels of homocysteine.

Homocysteine

Homocysteine is an amino acid in the bloodstream. High levels of homocysteine in the blood have been linked to an increase in the risk of heart disease and stroke. Low existing levels of homocysteine have been considered cardio-protective. Lowering the levels has not been proven to help, but it is assumed to be beneficial.

Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Deficiencies of vitamin B12 can occur for several reasons. Inability to absorb vitamin B12 is secondary to disorders, such as pernicious anemia, a disease that prevents absorption in the stomach, Crohn's disease, an inflammatory intestinal disorder that prevents some food absorption, and people who have undergone surgeries, such as gastric bypass.

Poor dietary intake is also a cause of deficiency and its symptoms. Vegetarians who are not taking vitamin B12 supplements are also at risk because they are not getting adequate amounts from sources, like meats.

Effects of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

The effects of vitamin B12 deficiency are a direct result of their lack of ability to make healthy red blood cells and nerves. Symptoms include generalized weakness, fatigue and nausea. A deficiency can also cause heart palpitations, numbness, shortness of breath and confusion.

Effect of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on Homocysteine

Vitamin B12 has a direct effect on homocysteine by metabolizing, or breaking it down into smaller components to be used by the body. The benefit of this relationship is the lowering of circulating homocysteine levels in the blood. These lower levels of homocysteine are thought to lower the risk of heart and brain disease. Someone who suffers from vitamin B12 deficiency is not able to metabolize adequate amounts of homocysteine, thus increasing her chances of heart attack and stroke.

How to Raise Vitamin B12 Levels

Vitamin B12 can be found in over-the-counter supplements, as well as dairy, fish and meat products. Some people require vitamin B12 shots to raise their levels adequately. Discuss options with your health care professional before using any supplements or making any adjustments in your diet. You may require blood tests to determine the cause of your vitamin B12 deficiency. These tests will show what is the best way for you to supplement your lack of vitamin B12.