Damaged hair cuticles can cause split ends and give your hair a rough look. There are many reasons for why your hair cuticles could be damaged, whether it is from internal or external factors. Your hair is delicate and should be handled as such. Fortunately, there are treatments for getting your hair back to a healthy status.
Identification
Your hair consists of many layers. The outer layer of hair is the cuticle, which is made up of layers of protein, called keratin. It houses and protects the cortex and is strong. The hair cuticle has a structure of overlapping scales in a vertical alignment, according to the Surviving Hair Loss website. The cortex is what gives your hair volume and also controls flexibility and elasticity. When the hair cuticle is damaged, the tough structure no longer holds the hair together and the hair fibers dislodge and split.
Causes
Healthy hair has closed hair cuticles. Factors that change the cuticle's surface can include your shampoo. Some strong shampoos not only strip the hair of its natural oils but also injure the cuticle by tearing up the overlapping scales. Touching your hair too much, from either brushing or finger twirling, will harm the cuticle as well. Hair and styling accessories put a lot of stress on your hair. Ponytail holders, combs and clips can eventually wear away the hair cuticle if used day after day. Any amount of heat on your hair can cause damage by lifting the overlapping scales where water and other substances can enter, according to the Women Fitness website. Heat may also remove pieces of cuticle causing a porous surface that results in weakened hair. Chlorine found in swimming pools and the salt found in the ocean can damage your hair cuticles as well.
Expert Insight
Hair cuticles are the most exposed to grooming and environmental stresses of a hair fiber, according to a 1998 study published in the "Journal of Cosmetic Science." When hair is heated, water evaporates rapidly outside and inside the hair. This dehydration leads to changes within the cortex. This study looked at the use of blow dryers on wet hair. The results showed that cracks appear when the hair cuticles undergo a drastic reduction in its water hydration status. The cracks occurred all the way through the three layers of hair. The outer cuticles became brittle, rigid and cracked from the swelling pressure of all three layers.
Treatment
The best method of treatment for damaged hair cuticles is to avoid the causes. When your hair starts to break, it typically begins at the end, known as split ends. Trimming your hair on a regular basis won't prevent the damage but it will stop it from getting worse. Hair is best when left alone; try not to touch it too much or over brush it. Mild shampoos are gentler on your hair cuticles but you don't need to wash it everyday. Use a conditioner in place of, as well as in conjunction with, your shampoo to help keep your hair strong, clean and moisturized. Avoid chemically treating or dyeing your hair. Consider using hot oil treatments to help prevent your hair from breaking and splitting.
Considerations
A healthy diet and adequate water intake are essential for healthy hair. While vitamin deficiencies or malnutrition do not directly affect your hair cuticles, it will make your hair vulnerable to the factors that can damage the cuticle.
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