Potassium is a mineral that helps muscles contract, helps regulate fluid and mineral balance, and helps maintain normal blood pressure. Too much potassium in the bloodstream is known as hyperkalemia. The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the body, so high levels of potassium may indicate a decrease in kidney function.
Function
Potassium is an essential mineral and electrolyte obtained from the diet. Normal body function requires strict regulation of potassium in the body, both inside and outside cells. Potassium is responsible for maintaining the proper function of all cells, tissues and organs in the body. Potassium is required for proper heart function, normal digestion and muscle function.
High Potassium Problems
An irregular heartbeat, nausea and decreased or absent pulse can be caused by high levels of potassium in the blood. Cardiac arrest is a possible result of high levels of potassium. Because potassium helps contract muscles and regulates nerve impulses, muscle fatigue, weakness, tingling or numbness, paralysis and difficulty breathing can occur with hyperkalemia. High levels of potassium can signal kidney failure, as the kidneys are responsible for removing excess potassium.
Causes
There are several causes of high potassium in the body including: high potassium diets; kidney failure; certain medications, like beta-blockers; trauma, especially crush injuries or burns; high acid in the blood, an effect of diabetes; Addison's disease; and taking excess potassium supplements. Individuals with these conditions should speak with their physicians regarding changes in potassium intake.
Dietary Requirements
The adequate intake of potassium is 4,700mg per day for most adults. Individuals with kidney problems should follow a doctor's recommendations. Foods high in potassium include fruits and vegetables, dried peas, meat, nuts and dairy products. One sweet or white potato provides 20 percent of your daily needs.
Benefits of High Potassium
Potassium in the diet is essential, and high levels can benefit some individuals. A high potassium diet is important for cardiac patients who are trying to lower blood pressure. There is also some evidence that bone loss and stroke risk are decreased if you follow a high potassium diet. Athletes who sweat a lot may also need to pay attention to potassium in their diets. Check with your physician regarding individual needs if you're dealing with issues that can lead to hyperkalemia.
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